The way in which the world uses physical materials has never been more important. Long-term prosperity will be impossible without achieving sustainable economies, including combating climate change, and more efficient use of physical resources. Recent years have seen high volatility, high prices and, in some cases, shortages of key materials, and how to make the most of material resources is at the center of the agenda from boardrooms to foreign ministries. Bold action in improving waste management would be a major contributor to solving these global problems.